Shooting Star

(Shooting Star)

       Many people believe that, if they saw a shooting star and make ​​a wish, then their wish will be granted. The phenomenon of a shooting star, is already inherent in the general population, regardless of whether it's right or not it is returned to each individual.
       But if we examine together, a shooting star is not a star that falls, but the meteor that fell to earth and cause light because ram pressure when meteoroids enter the atmosphere .. Meteors that very bright, brighter than Venus sightings are referred to as bolide.
       If a meteoroid does not burn out on their way in the atmosphere and reach the earth's surface, the resulting object is called a meteorite. Meteors hit the Earth or other objects can be formed impact crater.

Bintang Jatuh

(Bintang jatuh)

      Banyak masyarakat yang percaya bahwa, jika mereka melihat bintang jatuh dan membuat permintaan, maka permintaan itu akan terkabul. Fenomena bintang jatuh, memang sudah melekat pada diri masyarakat kebanyakan, terlepas dari benar atau tidaknya itu dikembalikan kepada masing-masing individunya.  
      Tetapi jika kita teliti bersama, bintang jatuh bukanlah sebuah bintang yang jatuh, tetapi meteor yang jatuh ke bumi dan menimbulkan cahaya karena tekanan ram pada saat meteoroid memasuki atmosfer.. Meteor yang sangat terang, lebih terang daripada penampakan Planet Venus, dapat disebut sebagai bolide.
      Jika suatu meteoroid tidak habis terbakar dalam perjalanannya di atmosfer dan mencapai permukaan bumi, benda yang dihasilkan disebut meteorit. Meteor yang menabrak bumi atau objek lain dapat membentuk impact crater.

Youth Pledge

        Youth Pledge is a promise sworn by the youth in Indonesia. Youth Pledge is authentic evidence that on October 28, 1928 the Indonesian nation was born, therefore it should be the people of Indonesia momentum commemorate October 28 as the day of birth of the Indonesian nation. Formulation Congress Youth Pledge was written on a piece of paper Moehammad Yamin offered to Soegondo when Mr. Sunario middle of a speech at the last session of Congress.
        Text of Youth Pledge was read on October 28, 1928 located at Jalan Kramat Raya, Central Jakarta 106 number, which is now the Museum of the Youth Pledge. 
     In Indonesian, with the original spelling, the pledge reads:
Pertama
  Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.
Kedoea
  Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
  Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.

     In English:

Firstly

  We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.

Secondly

  We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.

Thirdly

  We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Indonesian.

      Pemoeda Congress Committee consists of :
Chairman: Soegondo Djojopoespito (PPPI)
Vice Chairman: R.M. Djoko Marsaid (Jong Java)
Secretary: Mohammad Jamin (Jong Sumateranen Bond)
Treasurer: Amir Sjarifuddin (Jong Bataks Bond)
Helper I: Djohan Mohammad Tjai (Jong Islamieten Bond)
Helper II: R. Katja Soengkana (Pemoeda Indonesia)
Helper III: Senduk (Jong Celebes)
Helper IV: John Leimena (yong Ambon)
Helper V: Rochjani Soe'oed (Pemoeda Kaoem Betawi)
Participants: 71 people

Sumpah Pemuda

      Sumpah Pemuda adalah janji yang diikrarkan para pemuda di Indonesia. Sumpah Pemuda merupakan bukti otentik bahwa pada tanggal 28 Oktober 1928 Bangsa Indonesia dilahirkan, oleh karena itu seharusnya seluruh rakyat Indonesia memperingati momentum 28 Oktober sebagai hari lahirnya bangsa Indonesia. Rumusan Kongres Sumpah Pemuda ditulis Moehammad Yamin pada secarik kertas yang disodorkan kepada Soegondo ketika Mr. Sunario tengah berpidato pada sesi terakhir kongres. 
      Teks Sumpah Pemuda dibacakan pada tanggal 28 Oktober 1928 bertempat di Jalan Kramat Raya nomor 106 Jakarta Pusat sekarang menjadi Museum Sumpah Pemuda. Isi Teks Sumpah Pemuda dengan ejaan aslinya :
 Pertama
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.
 Kedoea
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
 Ketiga
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.

      Panitia Kongres Pemoeda terdiri dari :

Ketua : Soegondo Djojopoespito (PPPI)
Wakil Ketua : R.M. Djoko Marsaid (Jong Java)
Sekretaris : Mohammad Jamin (Jong Sumateranen Bond)
Bendahara : Amir Sjarifuddin (Jong Bataks Bond)
Pembantu I : Djohan Mohammad Tjai (Jong Islamieten Bond)
Pembantu II : R. Katja Soengkana (Pemoeda Indonesia)
Pembantu III : Senduk (Jong Celebes)
Pembantu IV : Johanes Leimena (yong Ambon)
Pembantu V : Rochjani Soe'oed (Pemoeda Kaoem Betawi)
Peserta : 71 orang

Halloween (English Language)

      Halloween is a tradition of celebration the night of Oct. 31, the most celebrated by the western countries. Halloween comes from Samhain festival that celebrated the ancient Celtic people. The festival of Samhain is a celebration of the end of the harvest season in Gaelic culture, and is sometimes called the "Celtic New Year". People who embrace paganism Kelt hereditary festival used the occasion to slaughter animals and hoard food in preparation for winter. Gael Nation ancients believed that on October 31, dividing the world of the dead and the living to be open. The dead endanger people living with the disease and damage crops.

      The tradition of Halloween was brought to America by the Irish immigrants who experienced famine in the 1840s. The tradition of "trick-or-treat" is derived from the culture of the nation's ninth-century Europe. They celebrate the spirit by November 2 by walking from village to village to collect cakes spirit in the form of bread with currants. The more cakes they can be more also sent a prayer for the family of the dead from the giver cake.

Halloween (Bahasa Indonesia)

      Halloween adalah tradisi perayaan malam tanggal 31 oktober yang kebanyakan dirayakan oleh negara barat. Halloween berasal dari festival Samhain yang dirayakan orang Kelt zaman kuno. Festival Samhain merupakan perayaan akhir musim panendalam kebudayaan orang Gael, dan kadang-kadang disebut "Tahun Baru Kelt". Orang Kelt yang menganut paganisme secara turun temurun menggunakan kesempatan festival untuk menyembelih hewan ternak dan menimbun makanan untuk persiapan musim dingin. Bangsa Gael kuno percaya bahwa tanggal 31 Oktober, pembatas dunia orang mati dan dunia orang hidup menjadi terbuka. Orang mati membahayakan orang hidup dengan membawa penyakit dan merusak hasil panen.


      Tradisi Halloween ini dibawa ke Amerika oleh para imigran Irlandia yang mengalami bencana kelaparan di tahun 1840-an. Tradisi trick-or-treat ini berasal dari budaya bangsa Eropa abad ke sembilan. Mereka merayakan hari roh tiap tanggal 2 November dengan cara berjalan dari desa ke desa untuk mengumpulkan kue roh yang berupa roti dengan kismis. Semakin banyak kue yang mereka dapat akan semakin banyak juga do’a yang terkirim untuk  keluarga yang sudah meninggal dari si pemberi kue.

Gamelan (English Language)

        Gamelan is a musical ensemble (band), which combines the sound of the gong, kenong, kendang, saron, bonang, rebab, gambang, siter, suling, etc. Gamelan word itself comes from the Javanese "gamel" which means hitting or beating, followed by the suffix "an" which makes nouns. Gamelan is surely not a foreign music. Its popularity has penetrated every continent, and has created new music of jazz-gamelan, gave birth to the institution as a learning space and the expression of gamelan music, to produce famous gamelan musicians. Gamelan music instrument can now be enjoyed in many parts of the world, but Yogyakarta is the most appropriate place to enjoy gamelan it since you can enjoy the original version.

(Gamelan of Yogyakarta)

        Gamelan that grow in Yogyakarta is Gamelan Jawa, a different form of gamelan Balinese gamelan or Sundanese gamelan. Javanese gamelan has a softer tone and slow, in contrast to the smart Balinese gamelan and Sundanese gamelan highly dominated lilting voice and flute. The difference is reasonable, since Java has a view of life that is expressed in the rhythm of gamelan music.
        Occurrences gamelan preceded by Hindu-Buddhist culture that dominated Indonesia at the beginning of of recording history, which also represents the original art of Indonesia. Instrument developed to shape up like this in the days of the Majapahit Kingdom. In contrast with the music of India, the only impact to the Indian-ness in gamelan music is how to sing. In Javanese mythology, the gamelan was created by Sang Hyang Guru in Saka Era, the god who controlled all the land of Java, with a castle on the mountain Mahendra in Medangkamulan (now called Gunung Lawu). Sang Hyang Guru first created gong to summon the gods. For a more specific message and then create two gongs, and finally formed gamelan set.
        The description of the first ensemble of musical instruments found at the Borobudur Temple, Magelang, Central Java, which has stood since the 8th century. Musical instruments such as bamboo flute, bells, drums in various sizes, harp, stringed musical instrument that is swiped and learned, is found in the relief. However, little was found elements of metal musical instruments. However, relief of the instrument is said to be the origin of the gamelan.
        Gamelan music is a combination of the influence of foreign art diversity. Linkages not the tone of Chinese, Southeast Asian musical instruments, drum band and rocking music from India, bowed strings from the Middle East, Europe and even the military style that we hear the traditional music of Java and Bali today.

(Baliness Gamelan)

        The interaction component is loaded with melody, rhythm and timbre of musical greatness maintain Balinese gamelan orchestra. The pillars of this music brings together a variety of Balinese rural community character that became the order of the typical music that is an inseparable part of daily life.